D. Yu. Ryazantsev, E. M. Chudinova, L. Yu. Kokaeva, S. N. Elansky, P. N. Balabko, G. L. Belova, S. K. Zavriev
O le kulupu o le phytopathogenic Colletotrichum coccodes e mafua ai faʻamaʻi matautia i pateta ma tamato ua taʻua o le anthracnose ma le tuber black spot. I uiga faʻapitoa, e masani ona faigata ona iloa ese mai faʻamaʻi e mafua mai i isi meaola niniʻi; luga fualaʻau fualaʻau fualaʻau, o le faʻamaʻi ono leai se faʻailoga, faʻaalia na o fualaʻau mumu pula. Mo vave ma sao faʻamaoniga o le pathogen, o se moni-taimi PCR suʻega polokalama ua ofoina atu. Ina ia atiaʻe se faʻataʻitaʻiga, na faʻamautuina ai le faʻasologa o le nucleotide o le glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase gene o le 45 C. coccodes vavaeʻese mai pateta pateta i vaega eseese o Lusia.
Faʻavae i luga o iʻuga maua ma auʻiliʻiliga o tutusa faʻasologa o isi ituaiga o loʻo avanoa i le GenBank database, ituaiga-faʻapitoa primers ma suʻesuʻega mo C. coccodes na fuafuaina. Ina ia siaki le tulaga maʻoti o le faiga o le suʻega, na faʻataunuʻuina le PCR ma le DNA e tuʻua ese mai tu ma aga mama o ituaiga eseese e 15 o parasite ma saprotrophic fungus e fesoʻotaʻi ma tamato ma pateta (Fusarium oxysporum, F. verticillium, Phomopsis phaseoli, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosp hall solani, Colletotrichum coccodes Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus, Stemphylium vesicarium, Helminthosp hall solani, Phomopsis phaseoli, Neonectria radicicola, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium fulvum, C. cladosporioides). O le iai o Colletotrichum coccodes DNA na fuafuaina i le amataga o le 20-27, ae o isi ituaiga na mauaina ina ua maeʻa 40 taʻamilosaga pe le iloa foi. O le faʻataʻitaʻiga faiga e mafai ai ona maitauina ma le mautinoa C. coccodes DNA faʻasologa e sili atu nai lo 0.01 ng / mm3 i le suʻesuʻega PCR faʻafefiloi. I le faʻaaogaina ai o le alualu i luma o le faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le i ai o C. coccodes i tamato laulaʻi ma faʻailoga o gasegase faʻamaʻi ma i pateta tubers aunoa ma fafo faʻailoga o le faʻamaʻi na suesueina. O laulaʻau ma faʻailoga o le pepesi o siama na aoina mai i fanua eseʻese e lua i le Teritori o Krasnodar, tubers - mai fanua i Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga, Nizhny Novgorod. Tasi laupepa laulaʻau o loʻo i ai C. coccodes DNA na maua i Krasnodar Teritori; o se taua iai o DNA o lenei pathogen na maitauina i le 5 faʻataʻitaʻi o tubers tupu i le Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga itulagi.
Faatomuaga
O pulou o le ituaiga o Colletotrichum e mataʻutia le toto o le toto e aafia ai cereals, fualaʻau, herbs, perennial fruit ma berry plants. O se tasi o ituaiga o meaola o lenei ituaiga, Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr).
O Hughes, o le mafuaaga o le anthracnose ma le uliuli o pateta ma tamato, ma mafua ai faʻamaʻi o le tele o isi laʻau o le aiga Solanaceae, e aofia ai. vao (Dillard, 1992). C. coccodes aafia uma lalo lalo o le laʻau o laʻau, auvae, laulaʻau, ma fualaʻau (Andrivon et al., 1998; Johnson, 1994). I luga o le paʻu o tubers pateta afaina, o le atinaʻeina o lanu efuefu ma le le mafaamatalaina pito o loʻo vaʻaia, lea e vaʻaia ai togi uliuli o le sporulation ma microsclerotia. I le taimi o teuina, papala ma faʻamaluluina mea mafai mafai ona fausiaina i le pulp o tubers, ie o le faʻamaʻi ulufale atu i le vaega anthracnose, lea, peitaʻi, e matua seasea tupu.
I le taimi lava e tasi, o faʻailoga o le anthracnose (papala papala ma tamai togitogi togitogi) e masani ai luga o tamato fualaʻau. I luga o laulaʻau, o faʻailoga o le C. coccodes foliga mai o ni pogisa enaena, e masani ona faʻatapulaʻaina e le samasama pepa (Johnson, 1994).
O le atiaʻe o le uliuli luga o le tubers ua faʻaleagaina ai o latou foliga vaaia, lea e sili ona taua pe a faʻatau atu pateta mumu mumu. Peel exfoliation e tau atu ai i le faʻatele o le ausa ma faʻateleina le teuina o mea (Hunger, McIntyre, 1979). Faʻaleagaina i isi totoga totoga e mafua ai le leiloa o fua, lea na maitauina i uma tatala ma tapunia eleele (Johnson, 1994; Tsror et al., 1999). O faʻamaʻi e mafua mai i C. coccodes e taatele i le toeititi lava o itulagi e gaosia ai pateta i le lalolagi, e aofia ai Lusia (Leesa, Hilton, 2003; Belov et al, 2018). O le faʻatonutonuina o nei faʻamaʻi e faigata ona o le le lava le aoga o vailaʻau o loʻo i ai nei faasaga ia C. coccodes ma le le lava o ituaiga teteʻe (Faitau, Hide, 1995).
O le C. coccodes inoculum e mafai ona tumau i fatu fatu (Faitau, Hide, 1988; Johnson et al., 1997), tamato fatu (Ben-Daniel et al., 2010), ola mo se taimi umi i le eleele, luga o otaota otaota ( Dillard, 1990; Dillard ma Cobb, 1993) ma i vao (Raid ma Pennypacker, 1987). O galuega a le tele o tusitala (Read, Hide, 1988; Barkdoll, Davis, 1992; Johnson et al., 1997; Dillard, Cobb, 1993) ua faaalia ai o le atinaeina o le faamaʻi i pateta ma tamato tele faalagolago i le i ai o inoculum i fatu ma eleele. O le mea lea, ina ia faʻaititia tupe leiloa mai le faʻamaʻi, e manaʻomia le suʻesuʻeina (e aofia ai ma le aofaʻi) o le faʻasalalauina o le fungus i le mea o loʻo totoina, i le palapala, i le fatu pateta pateta ma tamato fatu na teuina. Morphological diagnostics i le palapala ma mea toto mea mafai ona faʻataunuʻuina i le i ai o microsclerotia, lea, peitaʻi, o loʻo maua foi i isi ituaiga o fungus.
O faʻailoga i luga o tubers e tai tutusa lava ma le silvery scab mafua mai i le fungus Helminthosporium solani. Tuʻufaʻatasia o Colletotrichum coccodes ma Helminthosp hall solani i se mama aʻoaʻoga e fai si faigata ma e umi se taimi ona o le tuai lemu i luga o se nutrient auala. Ina ia vave iloa Colletotrichum coccodes, e manaʻomia le faʻaaogaina o mea faigaluega metotia suʻesuʻega. Ole auala e pito sili ona talafeagai ole tali ole polymerase chain (PCR) ma lona suiga - PCR ole taimi masani. I le taimi nei, o se faʻataʻitaʻiga faiga na atiaʻe e tagata suʻesuʻe Peretania (Cullen et al., 2002) mo le itulagi ITS1 o rDNA o loʻo faʻaaogaina i Europa ma le Iunaite Setete. O lona faʻaaogaina ua faʻaalia ai ni iʻuga lelei i le auiliiliga o Lusia tuʻufaʻatasi (Belov et al, 2018). Peitaʻi, C. coccodes e matua fesuisuiaʻi ma o lona mauaina mai se tasi DNA faʻasologa mafai ona taitai atu ai i le leaga iuga leaga. Mo se faʻamaoniga sili ona faʻatuatuaina, e manaʻomia le auʻiliʻiliina o faʻasologa o faʻasologa o ituaiga DNA-faʻapitoa, e fesoʻotaʻi ma matou na amataina se uluaʻi faʻataʻitaʻiga faiga e faʻatagaina ai le faʻailoaina o C.
Mea ma metotia
Ina ia iloiloina le aoga ma le faʻapitoa o le faiga o suʻega, na matou faʻaaogaina aganuu mama o ituaiga 15 o fungi na vavaeʻese e tusitala mai faʻamaʻi maʻi o laulaʻau ma fualaʻau, tubers potato (Laulau 1). Mo le tuʻu eseʻesega, na matou aveina totoga o laʻau ma faʻailoga o le faʻamaʻi pipisi, e le sili atu i le tasi totoga i le vao.
O se fasi ufi ma se paʻu, se fasi fualaʻau tamato, ma se laulaʻau afaina na tuʻuina i lalo o le mikerosekope binocular, ma maeʻa ai mycelium, spores, poʻo se fasi pepa na ave i se agar medium (wort agar) i totonu o le Petri ipu ma se maʻai faʻasolo nila. O fale tuʻufua na teu i luga o le agar slant i faʻataʻitaʻiga tubes i 4 ° C.
O faʻataʻitaʻiga o laulaʻau tamato ma faʻailoga o faʻamaʻi mata na fuafuaina mo le suʻesuʻeina i le taimi lava na maeʻa ai le aoina (i le fanua) na tuʻuina i le 70% ethyl alkohol lea na teuina ai seʻia oʻo ina tuʻua DNA. O uala pateta na aveina atu i le fale suʻesuʻe, peeled (2 × 1 cm fasi) mai ia latou, ma faʻisaina ile –20 ° Teuina faʻapipiʻi seʻia faʻaesea le DNA.
Aganuu mama o fungi mo DNA vavaeʻeseina na totoina i suavai sua auala. O le mycelium o le fungus na aveʻese mai le suavai auala, mago luga o le pepa faʻamama, faʻisaina i le suavai nitrogen, homogenized, incubated i CTAB buffer, faʻamamaina ma chloroform, faʻapipiʻi ma le paluga o isopropanol ma 0.5 M potassium acetate, fufulu faʻalua ma 2% ava malosi O le iʻuga DNA na faʻamamaina i le vai faʻaolaina ma teuina i le -70 ° ° (Kutuzova et al., 20). O le DNA faʻataʻitaʻiga na fuaina i le faʻaaogaina o le HS DNA aofaʻiga ato mo faʻalua DNA paʻulia i Qubit 2017 (Qiagen, Siamani). O vailaʻau faʻamalositino ma faʻamaʻaisa na faʻamamaina i le suavai oona, ona sosoʻo ai lea ma le tuʻu eseʻesega o le DNA e pei ona faʻamatalaina i luga (mo le mycelium o mama mama aganuu).
Laulau 1. Amataga o le faʻaaogaina kulimi faʻaaogaina
Mushroom igoa | Laʻau, okeni | Nofoaga filifilia |
---|---|---|
Colletotrichum coccodes 1, C. coccodes 2, C. coccodes 3, Ilyonectria crassa, Rhizoctonia solani | tuber pateta | Kostroma itulagi, pateta tubers o le 1st fanua gafa, galueina Red Scarlett |
Colletotrichum coccodes 4 | lau pateta | Ua taʻua e Rep. Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola |
Helminthosp hall solani | tuber pateta | Magadan itulagi, pos. Faleie, umala pateta |
Faletalimalo o le falelotu | lau tamato | Itulagi o Moscow, tamato fua tele |
Alternaria tomatophila | fualaʻau tamato | tuuina atu e le aufaigaluega o le falesuesue o mycology ma phytopathology o le All-Russian Research Institute o Laau Puipuiga |
Fusarium verticillium, Phomopsisphaseoli, Alternaria alternata, Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus, Stemphylium vesicarium, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Acrodontium luzulae, Penicillium sp. | fualaʻau tamato | Teritori o Krasnodar, itu o Krymsky, vasega kulimi |
Fusarium oxysporum | aa o saito | Itumalo o Moscow |
PCR na faia i luga ole DTprime amplifier (DNA-Tekonolosi). Mo PCR, amataga primers ma se faʻataʻitaʻiga mo le ituaiga-faʻapitoa itulagi o le glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase gafa na faʻaaogaina: luma primer Coc70gdf –TCATGATATCATTTCTCTCACGGCA, reverse primer Coc280gdr - TACTTGAGCATGTAGGCCTGGGT1). O le primers faʻalauteleina se 213 bp itulagi.
O le tali atu na ave ai le 50 ng o le aofaʻi o DNA (i le auiliiliga o laulaʻau ma tubers) ma le 10 ng (i le auiliiliga o DNA o mama aʻiaʻi o laumei). O le paluga tali (35 μl) na vavaeʻese e le paraffin layer i ni vaega se lua: o le pito i lalo o le (20 μl) na i ai le 2 μl o le 10 × tali faʻamau (750 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.8; 200 mM (NH4) 2SO4; 25 mM MgCl2; 0.1% Vavalalata- 20), 0.5 mM o deoxynucleotide triphosphate, 7 pmol o primer taʻitasi, ma le 4 pmol o le suʻesuʻeina o le fluorescent; o loʻo i luga le 1 μl o le 10 × PCR buffer ma le 1 U o le Taq polymerase.
O le tuuʻeseʻeseina o le paluga ma le paraffin e faʻatagaina ai tubes e teu mo se taimi umi i le vevela o le 5 ° C ma ia saunia ai se amataga vevela mo PCR pe a maeʻa le faʻamafanafanaina mo le 10 minute i le vevela i luga atu o le 80 ° C. PCR na faʻatinoina e tusa ma le polokalame lea: 94.0 ° C - 90 s (1 taʻamilosaga); 94.0 ° C - 30 s; 64.0 ° C - 15 s (5 taʻamilosaga); 94.0 ° C - 10 s; 64.0 ° C - 15 s (45 taʻamilosaga); 10.0 ° C - teuina.
Iʻuga ma talanoaga
O faʻasologa o le gafa ole glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase na faʻamautuina i le 45 ituaiga tuʻua ese mai laulaʻau, au, tubers pateta, ma fualaʻau tamato (Kutuzova, 2018) i itulagi eseese o Lusia. Na vaevaeina le faʻasologa o faʻasologa o ituaiga uma i ni kulupu se lua i ni vaega eseese se lua. O faʻasologa o nucleotide o sui o vaega uma e lua i lalo o numera KY2 ma le KY496634 o loʻo teuina i GenBank.
O le primers coc70gdf, coc280gdr ma le cocgdz probe na fuafuaina i luga o latou faavae na siakiina faʻaogaina le BLAST polokalama (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast) i luga o faʻasologa uma o le glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase gene o ituaiga o le genus Colletotrichum ma isi meaola avanoa i le GenBank database.
Leai ni itulagi DNA o isi meaola e sili aʻe i le amataga ma faʻataʻitaʻiga na maua.
O le maʻaleʻale o le faʻataʻitaʻiga suʻesuʻega na siakiina faʻaaogaina faʻataʻitaʻiga ma eseese faʻatulagaina o C. coccodes DNA, DNA o se lau pateta afaina i le antracnose (aoina i le 2017 i Mari El, ituaiga Red Scarlett), ma le fagu o tubers afaina i le uliuli nofoaga (aoina i Kostroma itulagi, ituaiga Red Scarlett, Laulau 2). Ina ia faʻamaonia le i ai o DNA i tubers ma lau pateta, C. coccodes ituaiga na vavae ese mai ia i latou i mama aʻiaʻi.
O iʻuga o suʻesuʻega ma le maʻaleʻale o le faʻataʻitaʻiga o loʻo faʻaalia ai e mafai ona faʻaaoga e faʻamaonia lelei ai le i ai o le C. coccodes DNA i se faʻataʻitaʻiga pe a fai o lona aofaʻi o mea i le paluga PCR e sili atu i le 0.05 ng. E lava lea mo le maitauina, talu ai o le tasi sclerotia e aofia ai, i le averesi, 0.131 ng, ma le tasi spore aofia ai 0.04 ng o DNA (Cullen et al., 2002). O le faʻataʻitaʻiga na atiaʻe e le vaega Peretania (Cullen et al., 2002) na faʻaalia ai le tutusa lagona (threshold cycle 34 i le 0.05 ng DNA ma le 37 i le 0.005 ng).
O le suʻesuʻeina o faʻataʻitaʻiga o loʻo iai C. coccodes i mataupu uma na mafai ai ona faʻaalia ma le mautinoa lona iai i le faʻataʻitaʻiga (Laulau 2). O le metotia fuafuaina mo le vavaeeseina o le DNA na aoga foi i le auiliiliga o natura laʻau toto.
Lisi 2. Fuafuaina o le maʻaleʻale o le fuafuaina suʻega faiga mo le faʻailoaina o Colletotrichum coccodes mo moni-taimi PCR
Образец | Le aofaʻi o DNA ile faʻataʻitaʻiga *, ng | Taamilosaga faataamilosaga | Mauaina o C. coccodes |
---|---|---|---|
Mycelium Colletotrichum coccodes | 50 | 21.3 | + |
5 | 25.7 | + | |
0.5 | 29,7 | + | |
0.05 | 33.5 | + | |
0.005 | 40 | - | |
0.0005 | 42.8 | - | |
0.00005 | - | ||
Fagu paʻu 1 | 50 | 32 | + |
Fagu paʻu 2 | 50 | 30 | + |
Fagu paʻu 3 | 50 | 31.5 | + |
Lau o le pateta | 50 | 29.5 | + |
Faʻaliga. * I se paluga o oloa PCR.
O le suʻesuʻeina o le faʻapitoa o le faʻataʻitaʻiga o le faʻataʻitaʻiga na faia i luga o DNA faʻataʻitaʻiga na aumaia mai i le 15 ituaiga o fungi. O ituaiga uma o kulimi na faʻateʻaina e tusitala mai aʻafiaga ma soifua maloloina fualaʻau ma laulaʻau a tamato, umala pateta; o le tasi faʻataʻitaʻiga na vavaeʻese mai aʻa saito (Laulau 1). Faʻatasi ai ma ituaiga meaola tuʻu ese mai luga o le fualaʻau, o loʻo i ai foi ituaiga e le o faʻafitauli mo tamato (mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus).
O suʻesuʻega na faʻaalia ai, o le C. coccodes DNA na mauaina i le amataga o le 20-27, ae o isi ituaiga o fungal e leʻi mauaina pe na tuʻuina mai se faʻailo pe a maeʻa le taʻamilosaga 40, lea e mafai ona mafua mai i le le aoga o le leo (Laulau 3).
Siata 3. Siaki le faiga faʻataʻitaʻi mo ituaiga o pulouaitu
Mushroom igoa | Taamilosaga faataamilosaga |
Colletotrichum coccodes 1 | 20.9 |
C. coccodes 2 | 22.6 |
C. coccodes 3 | 23 |
C. coccodes 4 | 22 |
Fusarium oxysporum | > 40 |
F. verticalillium | > 40 |
Rhizoctonia solani | > 40 |
Phomopsis faseoli | > 40 |
Alternaria alternata | > 40 |
A. tomatofila | > 40 |
Helminthosp hall solani | > 40 |
Phellinus ferrugineoveltinus | > 40 |
Stemphylium vesicarium | > 40 |
Ilyonectria crassa | > 40 |
Cladosporium cladosporioides | > 40 |
C. atoaga | > 40 |
Acrodontium luzulae | > 40 |
Penicillium NS. | > 40 |
Faʻaliga. * O le aofaʻi o DNA i faʻataʻitaʻiga uma e 10 ng.
O le atiina ae suʻega faiga sa faʻaaogaina e faʻailoa ai C. coccodes i tamato fualaʻau faʻataʻitaʻi ma faʻailoga o nerotrophic pathogens ma fatu pateta tubers aunoa ma vaʻaia faʻailoga. Mo le suʻesuʻega, na matou aveina fatu fualaʻau o ituaiga eseese na totoina i Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga, Nizhny Novgorod. O le i ai o le C. coccodes DNA na taua tele i faʻataʻitaʻiga, i le auiliiliga o le paepae faʻataamilosaga na le sili atu i le 35. O lenei aofaʻi o le tau aofaʻi filifilia e faʻavae i luga o le faʻamaoniga mautinoa o le 0.05 ng C. Laulau 33.5) ma le mea moni o faʻataamilosaga taʻamilosaga luga 2, nonspecific DNA o nisi isi ituaiga o pulou na iloa. Faatasi ai ma lenei auala, o le taua o le maua mai o le C. coccodes DNA na mauaina i le 40 faʻataʻitaʻi o tubers na totoina i le Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga itulagi ma i le tasi tamato lau mai le Yeisk itulagi o Krasnodar itulagi (Laulau 5, 4).
Laulau 4. Mauaina o Colletotrichum coccodes luga pateta pateta *
Numera faʻataʻitaʻi | Pateta eseese | Nofoaga tuputupu aʻe | Mauaina o C. coccodes | Taamilosaga faataamilosaga |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mumu mumu | Itulagi Kostroma | + | 35 |
2 | + | 35 | ||
3 | - | 38 | ||
4 | Sante | Itumalo o Moscow | + | 34 |
5 | - | |||
6 | - | 41 | ||
7 | - | 41.8 | ||
8 | + | 30 | ||
9 | Zhukovsky vave | Itumalo o Moscow | - | 40.5 |
10 | - | 40.6 | ||
11 | - | |||
12 | Molly | Itulagi o Kaluga | + | 34.3 |
13 | - | 38.4 | ||
14 | Fiafia | Itulagi o Kaluga | - | |
15 | Kala | Nizhny Novgorod vaega | - | |
16 | - |
Faʻaliga. * O le aofaʻi o DNA i faʻataʻitaʻiga uma e 50 ng.
Laulau 5. Mauaina o Colletotrichum coccodes i luga o tamato lau *
Numera faʻataʻitaʻi | Nofoaga tuputupu aʻe | Mauaina o C. coccodes | Taamilosaga faataamilosaga |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Teritori o Krasnodar, Itumalo o Crimean | - | |
2 | - | ||
3 | - | ||
4 | - | 45 | |
5 | - | ||
6 | - | ||
7 | - | ||
8 | - | ||
9 | Teritori o Krasnodar, Itumalo o Yeisk | - | 39.2 |
10 | - | 40.8 | |
11 | - | ||
12 | - | 41.6 | |
13 | - | 40 | |
14 | - | 41 | |
15 | - | 41.9 | |
16 | - | ||
17 | - | ||
18 | - | 40.3 | |
19 | - | ||
20 | - | ||
21 | + | 34.5 | |
22 | - | ||
23 | - |
* O le aofaʻi o DNA i faʻataʻitaʻiga uma e 50 ng.
O le faʻataʻitaʻiga faiga na faia e matou e le maualalo ifo nai lo lena na atiaʻe e tagata suʻesuʻe Peretania (Cullen et al., 2002) i le maʻaleʻale ma le faʻapitoa ma e talafeagai mo le suʻesuʻega o laʻau faʻataʻitaʻi. O lona talosaga mo le auiliiliga o fatu tubers mafai ai ona iloa C. coccodes DNA i tubers aunoa ma fafo faʻailoga o le faʻaleagaina ma ia manuia auiliiliina le faʻamaʻi o laulaau.
I le taimi nei, e leai se auiliiliga o pateta tubers mo le infestation o C. coccodes na faia i Lusia. O la matou suʻesuʻega muamua na faʻaalia ai, mai le 16 suʻesuʻe fualaʻau toto na tutupu i itulagi 'eseʻese o le Malo o Rusia, e 5 o loʻo iai C. coccodes. Ua faʻaalia mai ai, o le uliuli o le pateta, o se faʻamaʻi masani lea o le pateta i totonu o Lusia, ma o lana matafaioi i le faʻaititia o le aofaʻi ma le lelei o le faʻatoaga, ua taʻufaatauvaaina.
O le suʻesuʻeina o tamato lau na faʻaalia ai le taua o le C. coccodes DNA i le tasi lau mai le itumalo Yeisk o le Teritori o Krasnodar. I se taimi muamua atu, ina ua suʻesuʻeina togamato i le itu i saute o Rusia e faaaoga ai le British test system (Cullen et al., 2002), na maua ai lau o loʻo i ai C. coccodes, ma i nisi fanua na maua ai se vaega tele o lau na aafia i le C. coccodes (Belov et al., 2018). I le Krasnodar ma Primorsky Territories, le Moscow Region, na matou maua ai fualaʻau tamato, lea na mafai ai ona matou tuʻu eseʻese aganuu mama a C. coccodes. E mafai e C. coccodes sili atu ona salalau i luga o tamato i totonu o Lusia nai lo le taimi nei talitonuina, ma lona lamatiaga faʻapea foi manatu faʻatauvaʻaina.
Ile taimi nei, e oʻo mai i le taimi nei, ua lava faʻamatalaga ua maua i luga o le salalau o tufatufaina o C. coccodes i pateta ma tamato.
Ina ia malamalama atili i le matafaioi a lenei fungus i le atinaʻeina o pateta ma tamato faamaʻi, e tatau ona mataʻituina lona salalau i Rusia, suesue le matafaioi o le eleele ma fatu siama, ma le matafaioi a le uliuli mea i leiloa i le taimi o teuina. O le faʻaaogaina o faʻamaʻi PCR e mafai ona faʻafaigofieina ai lenei galuega, ma o le faʻaaogaina faʻatasi o faʻataʻitaʻiga uma e lua o le a faʻateleina ai le sao o le auiliiliga.
O lenei galuega na lagolagoina e le fesoasoani a le Russian Science Foundation Nu. 18-76-00009.
O le tusitusiga na lomia i le tusi talaaga Mycology and Phytopathology (voluma 54, Nu. 1, 2020).